What Assisted Suicide Is - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 3 Words: 876 Downloads: 9 Date added: 2019/06/24 Category Society Essay Level High school Tags: Assisted Suicide Essay Did you like this example? In Dictionary.com, retrieved November 20th, 2018, The definition of Assisted Suicide is suicide facilitated by another person, especially a physician, who organizes the logistics of the suicide, as by providing the necessary quantities of a poison. Assisted Suicide is for someone who has a terminal illness with six months or less to live. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "What Assisted Suicide Is?" essay for you Create order They have less aggressive ways to say assisted suicide like physician assisted death, aid in dying, euthanasia (good death), death with dignity, DNR (do not resuscitate), and DNI (do not intubate). Unknown author, a article in ProCon.org, titled State-by-State Guide to Physician-Assisted Suicide, published July 7th, 2018, that 6 states (CA, CO, HI, OR, VT, and WA) and DC legalized physician-assisted suicide via legislation, and 1 state (MT) has legal physician-assisted suicide via court ruling. However in Oregon and Washington by law the individual has to administer the medication themselves. Making 43 of the other states illegal to have and forms of assisted suicide. A lot of family members and the patient do not agree with this due to religious purposes, moral rights, or they just do not feel comfortable doing it. But there are many who do and are thankful for it at the end. Sarah Lyell, a article in The New York Times, titled The Last Thing Mom Asked, published August 31, 2018, I know what Im supposed to do, because she has told me many times. One of the stories passed down as gospel in our tiny family is about how my late father, a doctor, helped his own mother † my grandmother Cecilia, whom I never met † at the end of her life. Her cancer was unbearable. So he gave her a big dose of morphine to stop the pain, my mother has always told my brother and me, as if reaching the end of a fairy tale. It had the side effect of stopping her heart. With this all she wanted was for her mother to be comfortable and out of pain. Transition: Which brings me to my next point the cost and the different types. Main point: The cost and the different types of drugs used. You may think the cost of the drug is significant to the pocket and insurance will not cover it. Wrong A lot of these patients instead of insurance companies paying for their chemotherapy treatments they will instead pay for assisted because it would cost a lot less. Unknown author, a article from Death With Dignity, titled What Kind Of Prescription Will I Receive and How Much The Medication Cost, published unknown, It is up to the physician to determine the prescription. To date, most patients have received a prescription for an oral dosage of a barbiturate (pentobarbital or secobarbital). But many will use other forms as well like morphine, Insulin, Oxycodone, or whatever else they can get from hospice facilities. With the cost of these medications can vary between hundreds to thousands of dollars. Pentobarbital in liquid cost about $500 till 2012 when Europe refused to send it to them because it was being used as capital punishment which jumped the price to 15,000 to 20,000. Which after the drastic price increase they went to powder form dropping the price back down to $500 or cheaper actually. The other drug is secobarbital which is a mix of pentobarbital and morphing which can cost from $400 to $500 and there is a secondary for of this type as well which just adds Valium and Digoxin which about $600 to $700. Chemotherapy can vary in price from a couple thousand dollars to several hundreds of thousand dollars. With insurance that can be a couple thousand dollars and without insurance it can be hundreds of thousands. Which is why some insurance companies will pay for the assistant suicide then pay for chemo treatments. Transition: Which brings me to my next topic having it available for everyone. Main point: Having assisted suicide be available for everyone. Arthur J. Dyck, a article from The Center Of Biometric Human Dignity, titled Lifes Worth: The Case against Assisted Suicide, published unknown, My experiences have served to convince me that euthanasia, even if voluntary, is fundamentally wrong and Im now staunchly against it on religious, moral, intellectual and spiritual grounds. My wifes views have changed similarly. He did not want assisted suicide once he got into a hospice facility. But with hospice facilities they start accepting patients when they also have six more or less left of their time. So than what about the other patients who do have cancer, Alzheimers, Parkinsons, and many other illnesses. That have 6 months or longer to live and they would have to suffer. There are also only seven states who do assisted suicide because other states believe it is morally wrong, goes against religion, and just not acceptable in their views. The cost of assisted suicide is not much compared to the cost of cancer treatments, medicine and in house nurses, and the time spent at home unhappy. Most individuals either go to a hospice facility, stay at home, or hospitals. A lot of patients who cant afford a hospice, in house nurse, medications, and have no one. There is also the issue that if the family does not agree with your wishes so you do it yourself and your family walks in to see you like that.

Are Human Rights Universal Essay - 1601 Words

The doctrine of human rights were created to protect every single human regardless of race, gender, sex, nationality, sexual orientation and other differences. It is based on human dignity and the belief that no one has the right to take this away from another human being. The doctrine states that every ‘man’ has inalienable rights of equality, but is this true? Are human rights universal? Whether human rights are universal has been debated for decades. There have been individuals and even countries that oppose the idea that human rights are for everybody. This argument shall be investigated in this essay, by: exploring definitions and history on human rights, debating on whether it is universal while providing examples and background†¦show more content†¦However, this is debated which I will go into more detail later on. It had the inspiration to promote friendly relations between nations and it is emphasised that all nations should cooperate. Though, this can be said to be naive as to go as far to declare that all countries abide by the Declaration and that it is universal is mistaken. What does it mean to be universal? The concept believes that human rights belong to all human being and that it is fundamental and essential to every type of society. Those who disagree that human rights are universal believe that human rights are based on your culture, it has to be understood that a right for one group maybe outright intolerable to members of another group. Human rights are being viewed as being too ‘Western’ and representing specific cultural norms and belief system of some cultures and societies rather than all. This is the cultural relativist argument, the belief that human rights cannot be applied to non-Western nations. The belief has been endorsed by many political leaders, Singapore’s former Prime Minister Lee Kuan Yew suggested that the ‘Western concepts of democracy and human rights will not work in Asia , by explaining that the West is too individualistic compared to family-orientated Asia. ‘What Asians value may not necessarily be what Americans or Europeans value? Westerners value the freedoms and liberties of the individual. As an Asian of Chinese cultural background, my values are for a government which isShow MoreRelatedUniversal Human Rights And Universal Rights1312 Words   |  6 PagesUniversal human rights are those that apply to everyone no matter where they come from, who they are or what they do. They are held by the individual person and protect them from other people and/or collectives (Bell,1999). Human rights instruments found today are also compared to those in religions and ancient civilisations that have contributed towards the understanding of human dignity (James, 2007). There are many arguments on whether human rights are universally achievable and if they have alreadyRead MoreHuman Rights : Universal Rights1679 Words   |  7 PagesHuman rights are un iversal rights that we are entitled to. It is a freedom that is guaranteed based on the principle of respect for an individual. As mentioned in the preamble of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, human rights are a â€Å"recognition of the inherent dignity and of the equal and inalienable rights of all member of the human family is the foundation of freedom, justice, and peace in the world† (Kent, page 80). When asked what our rights are, we tend to get different answers andRead MoreHuman Rights : Universal And Inalienable Rights919 Words   |  4 Pagesthat all humans are entitled to universal and inalienable rights. According to the Universal Declaration of Human Rights article 1 best, explains what universal human rights are by stating that all human beings are born free and equal in dignity rights. (Articles of the UN Universal Declaration, International Law: United for Human Rights.), and while all persons are entitled to these rights there are many througho ut out the world who are suffering due to the fact their human rights are beingRead MoreThe Universal Declaration Of Human Rights Essay1276 Words   |  6 PagesA human right is an ethical choice and moral belief belonging to all humans regardless of traits, status, location, color, gender, or belief system. Making the connection to a universal law, the United Nations Rights High Commissioner explains these rights are, â€Å"guaranteed by law† and protected as â€Å"fundamental freedoms† (OHCHR, 2016). The Cambridge Dictionary defines privilege as â€Å"an advantage that only one person or group of people has† listing examples such as having a high social position or wealthRead MoreThe Universal Declaration Of Human Rights1728 Words   |  7 Pagesminorities and those who don’t fit the traditional mold of a people. Culture can impede progress and leave women, minorities and other sub-sects of a society without the basic human rights that they deserve. C linging too close to culture can be dangerous. The Foundations of a Universal Declaration The Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR) was drafted shortly after the United Nations was established in 1945. The aim of the Declaration was to ensure that an atrocity such as the mass killings of JewsRead MoreThe Universal Declaration of Human Rights1131 Words   |  5 PagesHuman rights are moral principles that set out specific standards of human behavior, and are normally ensured as lawful rights in both national and global law. They are acknowledged to be inalienable, since anybody is characteristically qualified for it essentially on the grounds that they are individuals. Whatever our nationality, sex, shade, religion, dialect, or ethnic source is, we are all just as qualified for our rights without separation or discrimination. All human rights are resolute andRead MoreThe Universal Declaration Of Human Rights1417 Words   |  6 PagesImplemented in 1948, the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR) delineates the basic rights and freedoms entitled to all human s. The freedom of speech and the right to express beliefs freely is a universal human right protected by Article 19 of the UDHR. It declares that â€Å"everyone has the right to freedom of opinion and expression† and can â€Å"hold opinions without interference†. The regional agreements of Iran, China and Bahrain are in accordance with the Universal Declaration and are fullyRead MoreUniversal Declaration Of Human Rights1263 Words   |  6 PagesAccording to the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, a doctrine created to ensure a mutual standard of treatment amongst all humans, every person deserves an equal set of life standards. According to Article 18 of this 30 Article document, â€Å"everyone has the right to freedom of thought, conscience and religion; this right includes freedom to change his religion or belief and freedom, either alone or in community with others and in public or private, to manifest his religion or belief in teachingRead MoreThe Universal D eclaration Of Human Rights1485 Words   |  6 Pages1003236982 The Universal Declaration of Human Rights states â€Å"that human rights are held by all persons equally and universally forever† –hence, they are universal held. This is due to them being the exact same for all human beings anywhere in the world. One cannot acquire human rights because of where they come from, but because they are a member of the human race. Nobody can lose those human rights, nor can they be taken away for whatever the reason may be. Together, we have the right to express ourselvesRead MoreIs The Universal Declaration Of Human Rights?1059 Words   |  5 Pagesinstead events embrace similar themes. The same concept of Mr. Twain’s history comparison can be brought in support of why the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR) drafted in 1948 by the UN --an international agreement that dictates basic rights and undeniable freedoms in which all human beings are entitled to-- should be updated. After analyzing the Human Rights Treaty it was con cluded that amending the UDHR should be considered because of advancements in the world, in main part due to globalization

L’Oreal Case Study Free Essays

1) Using the full spectrum of segmentation variables, describe how L’Oreal has segmented the Indian market From our understanding, L’Oreal made a statement for market â€Å"We don’t do poor products for poor people,†. L’Oreal reduce their price for hair dye, which is $2. 70, and small shampoo packets below $1 in order to compete with local brands. We will write a custom essay sample on L’Oreal Case Study or any similar topic only for you Order Now So, L’Oreal had change their segmentation from upper class intourban middle-class. Previous reputation, L’Oreal had losses over 13 years in Indian market. L’Oreal determine that 60 million people who earn $270 per month. Therefore, L’Oreal have to reach this niche market in order to gain back sales. 2) What segment(s) is (are) L’Oreal now targeting? How is L’Oreal now positioning its products? How do these strategies differ from those employed by its competitors in India? L’Oreal targeting the niche market, which is urban middle-class. L’Oreal reduce the price and offering the product that suitable to the urban middle-class market. L’Oreal advertise their hair care product, by using the billboard across India, where indian women tugging on her braid which is stretched across freeway overpasses and along length of the bus. It show the uniqueness of their products and creativity of advertising, in the same time meet the customer needs. 3) What role, if any, does social responsibility play in L’Oreal targeting strategy in India? L’Oreal consider to reduce their price of some product that suitable to their new target market. Plus, L’Oreal would like to offer their cosmetic product to their new target market in order to fulfill their needs and wants. 4) Do you think that L’Oreal will accomplish its goals in India? Why or why not? L’Oreal will able to accomplish their goal if they keep maintaining the price that suitable for urban middle-class income and also expand their target market to reach more segments in India market. 5) What segmentation, targeting and positioning recommendation would you make to L’Oreal for future marketing efforts in India? In order to survive, L’Oreal need to identify the differentiation of each segments, accessible of the segments to buy L’Oreal product, offer unique products, and durability of product due to changes in economic. L’Oreal need to build a product based on their target market, which need meet their needs and wants. L’Oreal also need to be more creative to promote their product that reach each segements. L’Oreal needs to build or expand their outlet to reach the target market. L’Oreal needs to understand the lifestyle each target market. How to cite L’Oreal Case Study, Free Case study samples L’Oreal Case Study Free Essays 1) Using the full spectrum of segmentation variables, describe how L’Oreal has segmented the Indian market From our understanding, L’Oreal made a statement for market â€Å"We don’t do poor products for poor people,†. L’Oreal reduce their price for hair dye, which is $2. 70, and small shampoo packets below $1 in order to compete with local brands. We will write a custom essay sample on L’Oreal Case Study or any similar topic only for you Order Now So, L’Oreal had change their segmentation from upper class intourban middle-class. Previous reputation, L’Oreal had losses over 13 years in Indian market. L’Oreal determine that 60 million people who earn $270 per month. Therefore, L’Oreal have to reach this niche market in order to gain back sales. 2) What segment(s) is (are) L’Oreal now targeting? How is L’Oreal now positioning its products? How do these strategies differ from those employed by its competitors in India? L’Oreal targeting the niche market, which is urban middle-class. L’Oreal reduce the price and offering the product that suitable to the urban middle-class market. L’Oreal advertise their hair care product, by using the billboard across India, where indian women tugging on her braid which is stretched across freeway overpasses and along length of the bus. It show the uniqueness of their products and creativity of advertising, in the same time meet the customer needs. 3) What role, if any, does social responsibility play in L’Oreal targeting strategy in India? L’Oreal consider to reduce their price of some product that suitable to their new target market. Plus, L’Oreal would like to offer their cosmetic product to their new target market in order to fulfill their needs and wants. 4) Do you think that L’Oreal will accomplish its goals in India? Why or why not? L’Oreal will able to accomplish their goal if they keep maintaining the price that suitable for urban middle-class income and also expand their target market to reach more segments in India market. 5) What segmentation, targeting and positioning recommendation would you make to L’Oreal for future marketing efforts in India? In order to survive, L’Oreal need to identify the differentiation of each segments, accessible of the segments to buy L’Oreal product, offer unique products, and durability of product due to changes in economic. L’Oreal need to build a product based on their target market, which need meet their needs and wants. L’Oreal also need to be more creative to promote their product that reach each segements. L’Oreal needs to build or expand their outlet to reach the target market. L’Oreal needs to understand the lifestyle each target market. How to cite L’Oreal Case Study, Free Case study samples

Emmett Till free essay sample

Bonham Literature 101 5 March 2013 Emmett Till Research Paper Three Major Points: Lynching, Mississippi Trial, 1955 Thesis Statement: The murder of Emmitt Till was a murder that changed America The Emmett Till Case, 1955 Chilling Circumstances The story surrounding the death of Emmett Till provides chilling insight into the racism that dominated the South in the 1950s. Emmett was a fourteen-year-old Chicago native visiting his relatives in Mississippi. While out with his cousins and friends on the night of August 24, 1955 he allegedly whistled at a white woman in the grocery store owned by her husband. Stories vary as to what Till actually said or did. According to the woman Till grabbed her and made rude remarks. Some witnesses claimed that he only whistled at her. Still others assured that he made no problems at all, that he whistled continuously to control a speech defect. A Brutal Murder Roy Bryant considered his wifes life ruined by the incident. We will write a custom essay sample on Emmett Till or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Several nights after the episode, Bryant, his half brother J. W. Milam, and possibly others kidnapped Emmett from his relatives house in the middle of the night. The two men beat him severely and, apparently saw that he had a picture of a white woman in his wallet, they shot Emmett and threw him in a nearby river. Several days later the body was found, and Bryant and Milam were charged with murder. A Surprise Verdict Mississippi politicians and newspapers condemned the murderers and promised justice. However, Mississippians became more defensive as the weeks passed. The Press attacked them with harsh judgment of racial violence in the South. The highly publicized trial of the two men was charged with racial tension. African-American politicians and reporters from the North were treated horribly and were segregated in the courtroom. The prosecution was poorly prepared, and the substance of the defense was the shocking claim that Till was not actually dead. The Killers Tell the Truth The truth of what happened that night became public knowledge several months after the trial. William Bradford Huie, an Alabama journalist in Mississippi to report on the aftermath of the case, offered Bryant and Milam money to tell their story. Since the two could no longer be prosecuted for a crime of which they had already been accused of, they gladly told for a fee of how they had beaten and killed young Emmett Till. Huie reported what the killers told him in the January 24, 1956 issue of  Look magazine. Now publicly exposed as murderers, Bryant and Milam were shunned by the community, and both moved elsewhere within a year. Emmett Till in death became a saint for the civil rights movement, a symbol of the racial hatred African-Americans who had yet to overcome the situation. Citations: MLA Citation Emmett Till. Anti Essays. 23 Mar. 2013 APA Citation Emmett Till. Anti Essays. Retrieved March 23, 2013, from the World Wide Web: Source Citation:  The Emmitt Till Case, 1955.   Discovering U. S. History. Gale Research, 1997. Reproduced in Discovering Collection. Farmington Hills, Mich. : Gale Group. October, 2001. Stephen J. Whitfield,  A Death in the Delta: The Story of Emmett Till  (New York: Free Press, 1988). Source Database:  Discovering U. S. History

Alcohol Problems and Abstinence

Alcoholism has been a problem since the ancient times. People who abuse alcohol have always found themselves in problematic circumstances in regards to the negative impacts of alcohol (Fletcher, 2001). Whereas a majority of the alcoholics have the desire to quit, the compulsion to continue drinking overpowers them immensely. The solution to every problem lies in understanding the root of the concern.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Alcohol Problems and Abstinence specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Abstinence and moderate drinking are the available treatment options for alcoholism. Patricia Owen believes that abstinence should be the ultimate goal in alcoholism treatment. On the contrary, Anne Fletcher supports moderate drinking in the treatment of alcoholism. This paper critically examines the contrasting position held by the two. In addition, the position supported by contemporary research is also outlined. Facts According to Patricia Owen, all alcohol drinkers aim at achieving abstinence in the long term. People who opt for controlled drinking always train their systems to stay free of alcohol. Saying ‘No’ to alcohol is not only necessary (Owen, 2001). Rather, it is the most direct approach of ensuring that alcoholics address their problem. In addition, Owen attests to the fact that moderation is not attainable by all people. People with serious alcohol dependence may find moderate drinking insignificant. Whereas a good percentage is comfortable with controlled drinking, the rest find the approach unsuccessful and impossible. On the other hand, Anne Fletcher argues that alcoholism is a continuous process that requires professional care. Most alcoholics suffer from mild risks at the initial stages of their drinking experience. Subsequent drinking eventually leads to life threatening risks (Fletcher, 2001). Abstinence is ignorant of this fact. Fletcher is categorical of the f act that moderate drinking is characterized by physiological stability, proper education and steady employment. People who possess these qualities greatly benefit from moderate drinking.Advertising Looking for essay on psychology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Opinions According to Owen, alcohol dependent people find it problematic to moderate their drinking. This is because of the intense compulsion offered by the brain. A person finds him/herself in a condition where alcohol becomes a need rather than a liking. Such people find it extremely impossible to desist from drinking temptations. Efforts and programs that advocate for moderation are therefore futile (Owen, 2001).In addition, Owen believes that abstinence is achievable. The ultimate desire of all alcoholics is usually to quit drinking. Abstinence offers the best treatment for such cases. On the other hand, Fletcher is of the opinion that moderation is best achieve d when professional guidance and help are sought. The professionals establish mechanisms to monitor the progress of alcoholics. The success of controlled drinking does not entirely depend on the decisions made by the professionals (Fletcher, 2001). Rather, the involvement of the alcoholics is vital. Alcoholics need to be aware of the situations to prevent cases of self denial. Consequently, several studies have shown that controlled drinking applied at the onset gave better results than abstinence approaches. Owen’s Position Abstinence is a logical approach. It is always correct to assert that the avoidance of causes of misery is the surest way to be safe. Alcohol dependency and addiction are situations that are not experienced by non-drinkers. Abstinence is usually the ultimate goal for all recovering alcoholics. Avoiding alcohol altogether strategically mitigates all the effects associated with it (Owen, 2001). The fact that abstinence is an ideal condition does not rende r it impossible. It is possible to abstain. Through abstinence, emotional health, spousal relationships, job performance, legal and health status are improved. Moderate drinking may lead to â€Å"Loss of Control†. This condition results from the intense compulsion generated by the brain. Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Alcohol Problems and Abstinence specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Owen affirms that a person finds him/herself graduating from the condition of â€Å"liking† to that of â€Å"wanting†. Several factors are overlooked. Alcoholism is usually a process that requires professional care. Professionals are usually aware of the fact that people with severe neuronal sensitization may find it difficult to abstain. Owen assumes that abstinence is the best treatment option for all. It is not correct to assert that all the prescriptive rights are vested on the professional. Abstinence may be the treatment goal prescribed by the professional. However, the alcoholic should have a say about his condition. Fletcher’s Position Several cases are available to support that moderate drinking is possible. Abstinence should be driven by intrinsic forces and not external forces. External forces should not be imposed against people recovering from alcoholism (Fletcher, 2001). Nolan changed from being an alcoholic to a non-problematic drinker. Abstinence and moderate drinking work together as posited by Nolan’s story. However, most alcoholics attest to the fact that abstinence is not easy as most people believe. Moderate drinking is best achieved when one disregards emotions and the drinking environment. Drinking problems are continuously propagated as opposed to the view that they are instantaneous. Enco was of the view that most alcoholics feel more comfortable once introduced to moderate drinking programs (Fletcher, 2001). Fletcher affirms that involving the a lcoholic in the treatment process is important. The alcoholic makes an informed and experimental choice regarding moderation or abstinence. Heather, another alcoholic found out that abstinence was indeed the best option. Moderate drinking was the initial option but later on abstinence became the ultimate goal. Studies indicate that moderation approach has been successful than abstinence on 3-year treatment programs. Setting drinking limits has worked for most alcoholics who moderate their drinking. Ed Shaw, Pat and Jack are good examples of alcoholics who have moderated their drinking (Fletcher, 2001). Moderation drinking is subjective and discriminatory. It has been found to work well in women and people under 40.Advertising Looking for essay on psychology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The credibility of the Authors Owen is inclined towards the views held by Alcohol Anonymous. The group insists that abstinence should be the aim of all professionals. Owen however assumes that alcoholism can be addressed instantaneously. The effects associated with alcoholism are regarded to end at once in cases where abstinence is applied (Fletcher, 2001). Owen assumes that abstinence can be applied to all people under the influence of alcohol. This assumption ignores the gradual effects that alcoholics suffer from starting from the initial and advanced stages of their alcoholism. The other weakness posited is the fact that the author fails to validate her position. Lack of possible life examples is questionable. Fletcher is conclusive in her study. She gives practical life examples to support her position. Her literature review is detailed. She is considerate of all cases of alcoholisms. She appreciates the role played by both professionals and the alcoholics in the treatment p rocess. Her study is conclusive of the fact that moderation drinking is superior to abstinence. Personal View Alcoholism is a problem that can either be handled through moderate drinking or abstinence. The choice on which method to adopt solely depends on the condition of the alcoholic. Abstinence is the ultimate goal in the treatment of alcoholism. However, it is not the only available option. It is ideal and difficult especially for heavy drinkers. It is therefore important to actively incorporate the views of the alcoholics in the treatment programs. Professionals become aware of how to address specific alcoholism cases. Studies have indicated that indeed treatment programs that are interactive yield positive results. Fletcher uses various cases to validate her position. Heavy drinkers may find it difficult to abstain at once. Moderate drinking programs may work for such people in the long term. The drinking limits set by the recovering alcoholics aid in the rehabilitation pro cess. It is therefore correct to affirm that abstinence should not be the ultimate goal. Rather, moderate drinking should be advocated for. Contemporary Research Total abstinence is usually the best way of treating alcoholism. However, a strong social network and family support are vitally important in the treatment program. Whereas some drinkers find it possible to abstain, the majority affirm that moderation is the best approach to take. In addition, complete alcohol abstinence remains a challenge (Campbell, 2011). For this reason, it is prudent to advocate for moderate drinking to avert the serious problems associated with alcohol addiction. People should be actively involved in alcohol treatment programs. Through such a forum, people are able to realize the harms posed by alcohol. Consequently, they can aim at living a sober life. Honesty by family members is usually important in situations where moderate drinking is prescribed. Stanton Peele and Herbert Fingarette have expres sed their dissatisfaction with how the USA government compels alcoholics to abstinence (Campbell, 2011). They are of the view that personal freedom should be sought in regards to alcoholism. A study involving 80 participants showed that indeed moderate drinking was the best mode of treatment. Most participants attested to the fact that that their abstinence levels had increased from 16% to 20% through moderated drinking (Campbell, 2011). During the 12 month period, the blood alcohol content levels had reduced by 50%.Moderate drinking is therefore superior to abstinence (Campbell, 2011). References Campbell, H. (2011). Moderate Drinking: Outcomes of a Randomized Clinical Trial With Non-Dependent Problem Drinkers. Journal of Counseling and Psychology, 12 (5) Fletcher, A. (2001). One Drink Does not a Drunk Make: How the Masters Determined whether they could ever drink again. Houghton Mifflin Owen, P (2001). Should Abstinence be the Goal for Alcohol Treatment? American Journal of Addic tion, 289-295. This essay on Alcohol Problems and Abstinence was written and submitted by user Regan Hart to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Child Intervention Therapy

Child Intervention Therapy Is psychological intervention with kids more complex than intervention with adults? What methods do you consider most effective with young populations?Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Child Intervention Therapy specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Health professionals who are concerned with maintaining the psychological welfare of children encounter several obstacles in their practice. Relative to adults, children have more complex psychological needs that require better-developed intervention programs and strategies. One of the major barriers to effective psychological intervention in children is their inability to make personal decisions in important matters of life. In addition, the inability of children to express their feelings and thoughts effectively adds to the complexity of psychological intervention in children. This complexity exists because age is a critical aspect in the selection of psychological treatment, the objectives of the treatment are important, and the symptoms of the disorder that are evident in a child are considered. There are four main classes of psychological interventions that are applied by health professionals. These include individual psychotherapy, behavior modification, remedial therapies and education, and social and cognitive behavioral therapy (Ebert et al, 2008). Several approaches are used in individual psychotherapy. They include client-centered therapy, child and adolescent psychoanalysis, supportive psychotherapy and exploratory psychotherapy (Ebert et al, 2008). Supportive therapy is a highly selective approach that does not have a single theoretical basis that may be considered humanistic in nature. It is best suited for treatment of adjustment disorders. Client-centered therapy is considered play therapy that is highly effective in psychological interventions children. In this therapeutic approach, a therapist uses several methods that encourage a child to explore personal feelings in a way that helps the therapist understand the feelings of the child. It is best suited for treatment of mild anxiety disorders and adjustment reactions (Ebert et al, 2008). Exploratory psychotherapy integrates both play therapy and verbal therapy. A therapist uses interpretations that are based on the child’s play, verbal behavior and non-verbal behavior to resolve the child’s unconscious psychological struggles. This approach is effective in the treatment of anxiety, somatoform and several other personality disorders. The difference between psychoanalysis and exploratory psychotherapy is that psychoanalysis is more intense.Advertising Looking for essay on psychology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More It is recommended for children under the age of 5 because it focuses on unconscious psychological conflicts in the child. It is effective in treatment of borderline personalit y disorders, anxiety and traumatic experiences. Interpersonal psychotherapy focuses on problem-solving approaches and the self-awareness concept to treat adolescents with major depression (Ebert et al, 2008). These treatments are not effective in the treatment of severe psychological disorders, hence not recommended for these disorders. I notice great value and effectiveness in music therapy, play therapy, ropes courses, music therapy and animal therapy. These therapies use approaches that encourage children to participate in therapy hence increasing their effectiveness. For example, play therapy creates an environment in which children are comfortable to express their feelings and thoughts. The fact that play therapy focuses on the emotions of children helps them in their emotional and spiritual development (McKinney and Power, 2012). Play therapy has many benefits. For example, secure attachment is associated with play therapy and intense free play. References Ebert, H., Loosen, T ., Nurcombe, B., and Leckman, F. (2008). Current  Diagnosis and Treatment Psychiatry 2nd Ed. New York, NY: McGraw Hill Companies, Inc. McKinney, C., and Power, L. (2012). Childhood Playtime, Parenting, and Psychopathology in Emerging Adults: Implications for Research and Play Therapists. International Journal of Play Therapy, 21(4), 215-231.

Agile versus Waterfall Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Agile versus Waterfall - Assignment Example Each of these methods has its own area of influence in which it is applicable. I briefly present the background of two methodologies before comparing them. Waterfall is traditionally defined to be a sequential approach or linear method for project management and implementation. In this approach, the project is completed in distinct stages with proper planning from start of the project right till the end. Each segment of the project is completed by different sections or groups of the team for ensuring the timely completion of the project (WATERFALL vs. AGILE METHODOLOGY, 2008). The stages of the waterfall method are presented below. Design: In this phase of project analysis and implementation, design of the software is performed. The desired IT solution is proposed that considers the use of specific tools like programming languages or other software and algorithms required for implementation of projects. This is a classical approach. Modern software and IT developers are moving towards modern tools like Agile framework that is based on iterative approach. The salient features of Agile Software Development approach are presented below (Kroll, 2004). Figure 3 shows the comparison between two approaches for project management in the light of various factors as time scale between specification and implementation, discovery of problems time duration, distance between customer and developer, and planning scale. We can observe, each project management approach has its own applications and none can be universally regarded as better over the other. Figure 4 shows the cost of changing the requirements of the project for the two approaches of project management. It is pretty much clear that, we cannot reverse the project implementation in sequential style of waterfall. While in Agile approach, we are continuously adapting our approach according to the results and requirements. The implementation is not planned completely. It adapts to the

Prevailing Legal Theory within the United States Today Research Paper

Prevailing Legal Theory within the United States Today - Research Paper Example These are examples of many different legal theories, but represent the prevailing views of United States Law. Introduction There is no single prevalent legal theory for the United States, however, this study considers that three common legal theories, Legal Realism, Natural Law and Feminist Theory together provide a strong description of the prevailing legal theory that is present in the United States today. Legal theory involves the use of contributions from a wide number of sources including the law itself, but also literature and discussions from a wide range of academic disciplines, including sociology, economics, philosophy and political science . Laws are established and enforced by ruling authority in the area. Within the United States, the Constitution is the document from which any new laws, amendments or statutes must be made and these must stand in agreement with the constitution. Alterations can be made to the constitution by the process of proposing amendments, which are then voted on by congress, and must meet with at least two-thirds approval from both houses of Congress in order to become part of the law. An amendment must then be ratified by three quarters of legislates of the states in order to become part of the constitution . ... Modern jurisprudence mainly focuses on the principles of the laws that are in practice, while legal theorists examine the problems that are present in legal systems and social institutions , including theories of Legal Realism, Natural Law and Feminist Theory which will be discussed in detail within the following sections. Legal Realism Legal Realism is a theory that takes into account that the law is a construct that was developed by humans, who in their very nature are imperfect, and thus as a consequence, the law is subject to misinterpretation, is often not clear, and contains imperfections and frailties. A part of this theory is the indeterminacy of law. This theory suggests that when legal cases and disputes are solved the law is not the only factor which is relevant. Instead, factors such as personal opinions of the judge or jury, the moods of those present and other factors that do not directly pertain to the law have a direct effect on the outcome . For example, a judge my g ive one individual a lenient sentence because they are in a good mood and sympathize with the individual, while giving a harsher sentence for the same crime to another individual at a different time, despite both being equal under the law. The theory of Legal Realism is interdisciplinary in nature, with many who are interested in this theory also having interest in anthropological and sociological approaches to the law. The theory also presents beliefs concerning legal instrumentation, which suggests the use of the law a tool in order to bring about equitability in society and for social uses. It is important that the study of law is linked to the outcomes of particular cases that go through the courts,

Recommendation of taxtion for sole proprietor Canada incorporate Research Paper

Recommendation of taxtion for sole proprietor Canada incorporate - Research Paper Example parameter that requires a broader perspective based analysis here in order to comprehend the structural, organizational and legal framework of reference in the Canadian context. Corporate entities including sole proprietorships in Canada have their own tax obligations. Thus sole proprietors’ tax liabilities to the government are determined by the same rules of liability determination under the commercial law. For instance under the corporate tax laws in Canada a sole proprietor is liable to pay taxes on his gross income after such deductions as for those of his dependents, Capital Cost Allowance on equipment, professional dues, if it’s a home-based business a certain amount as rent deductible and Canada Pension Plan contribution have been made. At a glance it seems simple that for a sole proprietor in Canada has no reason to grudge but nevertheless it must be noted unlike in the US, in Canada the businessman pays his income tax based on all his global operations. Again from province to province, there are some changes. Canada Customs and Revenue Agency (CCRA) is the sole authority for the purpose of administering the country’s corporate income tax rules. Therefore it has the final say in determining the extent of liability for any individual business. CCRA acts in its capacity as the government agency for the administration and supervision of all tax related regulations and thus acquires a very significant dimension in the whole process, including granting exemptions as per individual merits. In the absence of reforms to the existing income tax regulations as per sole proprietor businesses there is much to be desire in respect of the individual businessman’s ever increasing tax liability under the Canadian income tax law. Thus the sole proprietor businesses in Canada have been subject to a variety of situational analyses and studies during the last few decades. This is basically due to the fact that sole proprietors in Canada have been growing number at

Volcanic Ash Cloud Modelling Using Visual Basic Application

Volcanic Ash Cloud Modelling Using Visual Basic Application RESEARCH ARTICLE ABSTRACT Recently, the study of volcanic eruption and ash cloud dispersion has become important due to the severe risks and hazards associated with it. The negative impact it has on human livelihood, infrastructure, transportation, water supply, farming, and the environment and the environment as a whole needs serious attention. This has prompted many researchers to investigate the dynamics of volcanic ash clouds by utilizing an objective methodology, utilizing high-spatial determination pictures and complimentary ground based observation. These models have being instrumental in understanding past eruptions and also for future prediction and planning to mitigate it effects. The models for ash cloud usually require some parameters for their stimulation which would be depends on the type of model or software to be used. For the purpose of this article, Visual Basic Application (VBA) software has been used to study the 2014 Mount Mayon eruption. The codes were developed using vent coordinate, di ffusion coefficient, wind velocity, iteration and time step. The results from the simulation show the ash clouds dispersed in the NE direction. The results of the codes modelled showed diffusion and advection of ash plumes using a two dimensional array. Arcmap was used to output the results of the stimulation. Kernel density and spatial contour tools were also used to examine and interpretate the output of the simulation, showing the high risk of volcanic ash cloud in the Mount Mayon region. Visual Basic Application (VBA) was chosen for the study because it is simple, fast, convenient and affordable while proving to be equally accurate for modelling large particles. Nonetheless, the utilization of much more advanced models will provide more accurate results. Population growth and increase in urbanization in regions inclined to volcanic ash risks requires risk reduction and mitigation strategies. KEYWORDS: Volcanic Eruption, Mount Mayon, Hazard Modeling, Ash Cloud, Visual Basic Application. 1.0 INTRODUCTION The objective of natural hazards and risks assessment is to determine the extent and nature of risk in a particular area by evaluating potential hazards that together could harm people destroy properties, goods and services (UNISDR, 2009). Various studies have identified societys increasing vulnerability to disasters as a consequence of population expansion in hazardous areas and increasing economic and environmental strains (Rougier et al., 2013). The socio-economic and physical impact of volcanic ash on the environment is obviously massive. Studies and observations over the years have significantly enhanced our understanding as seen in the past 30 years (e.g., Soufrià ¨re Hills (Montserrat), 1995; Eyjafjallajà ¶kull (Iceland), 2010) (Vervaeck, 2012). The current effects that are associated with the volcano eruption have made the study of volcanic ash multidisciplinary. The negative impacts on human livelihood, infrastructure, transportation, power supply, agriculture, water and t he environment has caused tremendous damages. In order to minimize risk in highly affected areas and improve on hazard assessment, there is the need to use effective modelling tools to gather information on key risk indicators in ash dispersion. Successful displaying devices for anticipating ash remains scattering and transport can significantly add to hazard assessment and mitigation of risk in exceptionally influenced regions (Andreastuti, Alloway Smith, 2000). This aim of the study is to review the formation, movement and effects of the 2014 Mount Mayon eruption. The Visual Basic Application (VBA) software has been used for the modelling of ash cloud in the study area. The codes developed using input parameters seeks to demonstrate the possible pattern of the ash cloud dispersion with likely solutions. 1.1 STUDY AREA. Mount Mayon (13 °15à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ²24à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ³N 123 °41à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ²6à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ³E) is an active stratovolcano in the province of Albay in Bicol Region, on the island of Luzon in the Philippines. Renowned as the perfect cone because of its symmetric conical shape, the volcano and its surrounding landscape was declared a national park on July 20, 1938, the first in the nation. Mayon is the main landmark and highest point of the province of Albay and the whole Bicol Region in the Philippines, rising 2,462 metres (8,077 ft.) from the shores of the Albay Gulf about 10 kilometres (6.2 mi) away. The volcano is geographically shared by the eight cities and municipalities of Legazpi, Daraga, Camalig, Guinobatan, Ligao, Tabaco, Malilipot and Santo Domingo (clockwise from Legazpi), which divide the cone like slices of a pie when viewed from above. Historically the Mt. Mayon region of the Philippines has also been particularly hard hit by lahars because of volcanic erupt ions that produce ash deposits on steep volcanic slopes which may later become mobilized by heavy cyclonic rains (Orense 2007). Geologically, Mount Mayon rock type is Basalt to Olivine-bearing Pyroxene Andesite and Bicol Volcanic Chain tectonic setting. Mayon is the most active volcano in the Philippines and it is constantly degassing and has erupted violently 54 times in the last 400 years (Ramos-Villarta et al. 1985). Upper slopes are quite steep while slope angle diminishes in a very regular way with descent to sea level (Fano et al. 2007). Most eruptions involve large ashcloud discharges, though pyroclastic and lava flows are also common, and magma composition is basaltic to olivine-bearing pyroxene andesite. Figure1: Map of study area, Mount Mayon; Source (Google maps) 2. COMPREHENSIVE REVIEW OF THE RESEARCH LITERATURE 2.1 INTRODUCTION AND OVERVIEW The formation of volcanic ash is initiated by volcanic eruption events. Ash particle comprises of various sizes, elevation, and distances which disseminate into airspace. Ash cloud generates from a partial or complete eruption process (Cas Wright, 1987 and move rapidly with speed of 10-65m/s, reaching high temperature of between 100 to 800oC (Blong, 1984) (Figure 2). Moreover, vast scale effects are related with volcanic ash cloud dispersion. Therefore, the assessment of volcanic ash hazards is essential in the socio-economic, scientific, and political affairs of any society more importantly in a region with dense population. The rise in population and increase in urbanization of areas prone to volcanic ash hazards demand the invention and application of suitable measures. Risk assessment and mitigation strategies must be enforced if major eruption is to be prevented (Baxter et al., 2008). Figure 2: Mount Mayon 2014 ash cloud dispersion; Source google (Google images). 2.2.1 BACKGROUND TO VOLCANIC ASH Volcanic ash is produced during volatile volcanic eruptions, phreatomagmatic eruptions and movement in pyroclastic density currents. Explosive eruptions occur when magma decompresses as it rises, allowing dissolved volatiles to resolve into gas bubbles. Remote sensing results (Rose et al., 2000) and distal ash sampling studies (Durant et al., 20 09) strongly suggest that both à ¯Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ne and very à ¯Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ne ash mostly fall within a day of their eruption, much faster than à ¯Ã‚ ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å¡uid dynamics modeling suggests. Volcanic ash particles less than 2mm are pyroclast and particles greater than 2mm are lapilli. Regardless of the process of formation, volcanic ash are produced and determined by various factors such as particle size distribution, wind velocity, magma fragmentation and magma discharge. Altitude of 20-50km characterizes turbulent jets of explosive volcanic eruptions which convey ash and gas mixtures into the atmosphere (Carazzo Jellinek, 2012). Particles aggregati on is presumed to increase of fine ash fallout whereas sedimentation of pumice and ash particles is controlled by their separate settling velocities (Rose Durant, 2011). Combined studies have shown that volcanic cloud ash mass decreases by an order of magnitude in 24 h (Rose et al., 2000).This rapid fallout of very à ¯Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ne ash creates distal mass deposition maxima in tephra deposits at distances several 100s of km downwind(Brazier et al., 1983; Durant and Rose,). The distal ash sedimentation process is poorly understood but is clearly tied to meteorological processes that promote aggregation, e.g., hydrometeor formation, and inà ¯Ã‚ ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å¡uence cloud dynamics (Durant et al., 2009). 2.2.2 VOLCANIC ASH EFFECTS 2.2.2.1 Effects on Water Supplies Effects of volcanic ash on water supplies have been critically severe that it makes livelihood unbearable. Studies describing these impacts are described fully in Stewart et al. (2006). Effects include physical blockages of intake structures by ash and damage due to abrasion or corrosion of equipment. The major public health concerns are thought to be the potential for outbreaks of waterborne infectious diseases due to the inhibition of disinfection by high levels of turbidity, and elevated concentrations of fluoride increasing risks of dental and skeletal fluorosis. Physical impacts of ash and problems due to high levels of acidity, turbidity and fluoride are well-documented; however, little attention has been paid to the other soluble components of volcanic ashfall and their potential consequences for water supplies. Water usage can be expected to increase significantly as affected communities begin cleanup operations (Johnston, 1997b; Johnston et al., 2004). 2.2.2.2 Effects on Agricultural Activities Volcanic ash has a massive negative effect on farms since agricultural activities depend greatly on natural and irrigation means of water supply. Some farms are supplied by district or regional water supply schemes. Reported impacts on water supply schemes include (Johnston et al., 2004) suspended ash blocking intake filters, particularly for river-fed water supplies. This has put increasing pressure on water resources, especially for irrigation and stock water, requiring that the resource be actively managed. The uncommon unsettled climate and atmosphere at mid-scope in 1816 and 1817 had major financial effects, especially as far as a poor yield of horticulture creation, lack of healthy sustenance and considerably an expanded potential for infections and plagues (Trigo et al., 2009). 2.2.2.3 Effects on Infrastructure About nine percent of the worlds population lives within 100 km of a historically active volcano (Horwell and Baxter, 2006). This percentage will probably increase due to higher rates of population growth in many countries like Colombia, Ecuador and the Philippines that are highly volcanically active. Even though volcanic ash rarely endanger human life directly, it negative effects on critical infrastructure services such as electricity and water supplies, health facilities, transport routes, aviation, buildings and primary production, can lead to significant societal impacts (Horwell and Baxter, 2006 and Stewart et al., 2006). Moreover, fairly small eruptions can lead to widespread disruption, damage and economic loss. For example, the 1995/1996 eruptions of Ruapehu volcano in the central North Island of New Zealand were very small by geological standards but still covered over 20,000 km2 of land and caused significant disruption and damage to aviation, communication networks, a hyd ro-electric power scheme, electricity transmission lines, water supply networks, wastewater treatment plants, agriculture and the tourism industry (Cronin et al., 1998 and Johnston et al., 2000). 2.3 ASH CLOUD MODELLING Models have been utilized for decades to forecast ash fall during volcanic eruptions. However, it is only in recent years have tephra models like Ash3D been developed that use a 3-D, time-changing wind field, enabling us to model eruptions that last weeks and spread ash across an entire continent. These features, plus the development of a method for calculating growth of an umbrella cloud, have made it possible to simulate eruptions of this scale. Particles of ash are dispersed into the atmosphere in different directions during an explosive eruption, but the variation differences in altitude, wind speed and direction, and temperature are great influence (Carey and Sparks, 1986). Satellite based identification methods are presently used in monitoring eruptive plumes, but this practice has its limitations such as irregular satellites captures. The use of dispersal models to forecast both the deposition of ash particles on the ground and airborne is one important way of solving such cha llenges (Carey and Sparks, 1986). Observations measured from the ground are used to identify and examine volcanic ash clouds in addition to satellite data. New and evolving volcanic ash clouds have been detected using both specialized and well graded weather radar systems (Schneider et al, 2008). Volcanic Ash Transport and Dispersal models (VATD) are models that are mostly utilized for modelling volcanic ash and are extremely useful when simulating ash particles in order to reduce the risk and hazards posed by volcanic ash. These models are required to provide fairly accurate forecast and location of the volcanic ash and produce hazard maps fast enough to warn pilots of the danger routes (Peterson and Dean 2007). Also volcano observatories and Volcanic Ash Advisory Centres (VAAC) use these models to issue out forecast before, during and slightly after eruptions Generally, volcanic ash cloud models are tools that efficiently combine source input parameters in a short period of time a nd can be used to predict ash dispersion in an emergency situation and can help mitigate the risk and hazards related with such fallout during an eruption 2.4. ASH MODELLING PARAMETERS. Volcanic ash cloud modeling need certain input parameters such as volcano location, date, time and duration of each eruption, source geometry, plume height, eruption rate, vertical ash distribution and particle size distribution. Plume height is simply the altitude at which most volcanic ash spreads laterally from the plume into the ash cloud. The relationship between plume height and eruption rate is possibly the most extensively studied among any sources parameters (Mastin et al., 2009). Theoretical studies (Morton et al., 1956) indicate that plume height should increase with eruption rate and empirical compilations ( Settle, 1978, Wilson et al., 1978 and Sparks et al., 1997, ) roughly follow this relationship. Some characteristic eruption parameters demonstrate extensive systematic relationships. Plume height increases with eruption rate and grain-size generally decreases with increasing silica content. However, not all relationships are systematic. The duration of eruptions may d iminish or differ non-systematically with size of eruption or type of magma. For instance, an average grain size, whilst generally decreasing with increasing silica content, might as well decrease with increasing occurrence of pyroclastic flows (Dartevelle et al., 2002). Inefficiently captured variables such as wind, particle fallout, vent overpressure, or development of hydrometeors, together with atmospheric humidity for bigger eruptions might as well influence this relationship (Mastin et al., 2009). 3. METHODOLOGY For the purpose of this study,Visual Basic for Application (VBA) was used to model the 2014 Mount Mayon volcano eruption ash cloud. Visual Basic for Application (VBA) is basically a software developed in Microsoft Excel and it is used for modelling volcanic ash particles dispersal. Generally, the model is considered to be fairly accurate in modelling volcano eruption. The model requires certain input parameters which are carefully manipulated to predict the likelihood of volcanic ash transport and dispersal. The model starts by defining a dimensional array size called ashfall and calling the parameters from the control panel created in the Excel spreadsheet. The particles are created by giving them an X and Y values, the X and Y values are the coordinates at the chosen location above the vent derived from the satellite imagery of the study area. Together with other input parameters such as wind speed and direction, diffusion coefficient, time and iterations,particles are advected and diffused along the X and Y axis they are then outputted in a second work sheet called ashfall. The code then loops this process as it has been defined by the user, for the purpose of this report the particles were set to a random function. Once the simulation is completed the particle movement in the ash sheet is then plotted on a scatter graph to view the particles and the direction of dispersion. Both worksheets are then saved in MS-DOS comma separated (.csv) file format in Excel to make it possible to import into ArcMap. The satellite image obtained from http//www.landcover.org of the area is then displayed in the ArcMap and the X and Y values from the worksheets are then imported to display the ash. The kernel density function in the analysis tool calculates the density of the dispersed ash cloud. Moreover, time and iteration were considered to give a genuine situation of the ash dispersion. Below is a copy of the code used for simulation of the ash cloud. Sub ashfall() Dim vent_x As Long, vent_y As Long Dim K As Single, vx As Single, vy As Single, dt As Single K = diffusion coefficient dt = change in time Dim max_inter As Long, no_part As Long Dim particles(1 To 1000, 1 To 2) As Single vent_x = Worksheets(Control Panel).Cells(1, 2) vent_y = Worksheets(Control Panel).Cells(2, 2) K = Worksheets(Control Panel).Cells(3, 2) vx = Worksheets(Control Panel).Cells(4, 2) vy = Worksheets(Control Panel).Cells(5, 2) dt = Worksheets(Control Panel).Cells(6, 2) max_iter = Worksheets(Control Panel).Cells(7, 2) Worksheets on right side of = to plug values into code For n = 1 To 1000 particles(n, 1) = vent_x particles(n, 2) = vent_y Next n Offset = 0 so that numbers dont overwrite eachother at each iteration For Iteration = 1 To max_iter add nested loop for iterations this allows all 1000 particles to be moved together in each step max_inter is set as 1000 in Excel For n = 1 To 1000 Rnd = random generation of number between 0 and 1 K = Diffusion Coefficent ash diffusion, where n,1 = x coordinate and n,2 = y coordinate particles(n, 1) = particles(n, 1) + K * (0.5 Rnd()) particles(n, 2) = particles(n, 2) + K * (0.5 Rnd()) ash advection particles(n, 1) = particles(n, 1) + (vx * dt) particles(n, 2) = particles(n, 2) + (vy * dt) Worksheets(Ashfall).Cells(n + Offset, 1) = particles(n, 1) Worksheets(Ashfall).Cells(n + Offset, 2) = particles(n, 2) worksheets on the left hand side of = to plug values in excel worksheet Next n Offset = Offset + 1000 Next Iteration End Sub Input parameters Variables Values Start X Long 574207 Start Y Long 1465622 v x (m/s) Single 6 vy (m/s) Single 9 Diffusion coefficient Single 500 Iterations Integer 1000 Time Integer 10 Table 1: Input parameters, variables and values used for the simulation of ash cloud for Mount Mayon 4. RESULTS OF SIMULATIONS The ash cloud simulation outcomes are portrayed in figures 3 to 7 showing the wind direction, kernel ash density and spatial contours on Open Street map and Satellite map of Mount Mayon. From the simulation, the wind velocity was in the NE direction as it can be seen in the maps. Due the magnitude of the ash cloud, nearby localities are in danger of high risk. Figures 3 and 4 depict the magnitude of the ash cloud in direction of the wind and the impact on the localities on both open street and satellites maps. Also, figure 5 on the other hand shows the levels density of the volcanic ash cloud dispersed in the study area. Regions that far away the volcano ash have minimal density of ash cloud and are not really at risk as compared to regions closer to the volcano ash with high level of density of ash cloud. With the aid of the spatial contour tool, figures 6 and 7 depicts the dispersed and settlement of the ash cloud on satellite map of the study area. Figure 3: Open street map of Mount Mayon showing dispersed ash Figure 4: Satellite map of Mount Mayon showing dispersed ash.    Figure 5: Satellite map of Mount Mayon showing kernel density of dispersed ash Figure 6: Open street map of Mount Mayo showing spatial contour of dispersed ash Figure 7: Satellite map of Mount Mayon showing the spatial contour of dispersed ash 5.1 HAZARD AND RISK IN STUDY AREA The hazard and risk in Mount Mayon cannot be under-estimated since it is one of the active volcano in the Philippines erupting about 53 times in the past 400 years. There have death and displacement of hundreds of thousands of people since it first eruption in 1616. The record violent eruption in 1814 caused death of more than 1,200 people and destroyed several towns. Volcanic flows have caused broad destruction of water supply infrastructure and systems. Water pipes have been destroyed and concealed by lahars around Mayon volcano, Philippines (Nasol, 2001 and Smithsonian Institution, 2002). Chemical pollution of water takes place as tephra particles dissolve readily upon contact with water discharging ions (Witham et al., 2005 and Delmelle et al., 2007). Agricultural activities around Mount Mayon are affected by ash cloud dispersion which reduces crop field hence shortage of food supply. Air planes and other modes of transport are at risk of ash cloud since Legazpi Airport is only 4 2.8km from Mount Mayon. Lahars are possible to destroy vehicles as they move downstream while being influenced by debris (Blong, 1984). Also, tephra particles can cause damage to vehicles by roughening moving parts and obstructing air and oil filters (Wilson et al., 2012b). Figure 9: Hazard map of Mount Mayon ; Source (google maps). Figure 10: Hazard map of Mount Mayon ; Source (google earth). 5.2 EVALUATION OF HAZARD AND RISK IN STUDY AREA. To mitigate the hazards and risks associated with volcano eruption, there must be implementation of policies and disaster control measures must be put in place. Minimizing the effects of volcanic eruptions on the study must be the fundamental objective of ash cloud hazard and risk management. Land-use pressure, population growth and societys expectancy of infrastructure performance during and after disasters makes this a challenge. However, impacts of the 2014 Mount Mayon volcano eruption can by adopting the following strategies; Creating awareness of volcanic risks and hazards and their impacts through communication strategies and educating the general public. This can be achieved through the use of both print media and electronic media. Also, Government must see to it that, projects and policies of building and planning are implemented effectively to eradicate indiscriminate and unauthorized building of houses and other structures in volcano prone areas. Evacuation plans, emergency response and temporary housing should be put in place to minimize the rate of fatalities associated with volcano eruption in the region. There should also be regular monitoring of volcanic eruption of the area by utilizing highly advanced models and high-tech machines as this will help predict upcoming eruption. 6. DETAILED DISCUSSIONS AND CRITICAL EVALUATIONS OF THE MODEL AND SOFTWARE. The Visual Application Software (VBA) software developed from Microsoft Excel is basically easy to understand and quick to run for ash cloud modelling. It is also affordable and very instrumental for predicting the extent of ash cloud transport and dispersion utilizing input parameters according the users preferences. However, the software is is limited to the number of particles that can be modelled at the same time. Also, only one direction of ash cloud is dispersed at a particular time. The accuracy of the model could be improved if input parameters such as plume height and eruption rate are taken into account. When compared with other advanced models such as NAME, FALL3D and PUFF, Visual Application Software (VBA) cannot be used for continuous discharge of ash particles to model full volcano eruption but rather for single release of ash particles. Regardless of its limitations, Visual Application Software (VBA) software is still very useful for modelling ash cloud simulation. 7. CONCLUSIONS AND FUTURE WORK. In conclusion, the hazard and risk associated with ash cloud transport and dispersion cannot be under-estimated in Mount Mayon. Therefore, proper planning and strategies must be put in place to mitigate the fatalities of volcano eruption in the future. Although the government responsible for major policies implementation, the general public together with non-governmental agencies must work hand-in-hand to minimize the negative impact of volcano eruption in the region. Despite the model limitations, Visual Application Software (VBA) is very useful tool for modelling volcanic ash cloud simulation. It is also easy to comprehend and fast but if other input parameters added to create a new, it will enhance it accuracy. 8. REFERENCE Baxter, P., Boyle, R., Cole, P., Neri, A., Spence, R., Zuccaro, G. (2005). The impacts of pyroclastic surges on buildings at the eruption of the Soufriere Hills volcano, Montserrat. Bulletin of Volcanology, 67(4), 292-313, available at http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00445-004-0365-7. Baxter, P., Aspinall, W., Neri, A., Zuccaro, G., Spence, R., Cioni, R., Woo, G. (2008). Emergency planning and mitigation at Vesuvius: A new evidence-based approach. Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, 178(3), 454-473. Blong, 1984 R.J. Blong Volcanic Hazards: A Sourcebook on the Effects of Eruptions Academic Press, Sydney (1984). Blong R (1996) Volcanic hazard risk assessment. In: Scarpa R, Tilling RI (eds) Monitoring and mitigation of volcanic hazards. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York, pp675-698. Carey, S., à ¯Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ Sigurdsson, H. (1982). Influence of particle aggregation on deposition of distal tephra from the May 18, 1980, eruption of Mount St. Helens volcano. J. Geophys, Res., 87 (B8), 7061. Cronin et al., 1998 S.J. Cronin, M.J. Hedley, V.J. Neal, G. Smith Agronomic impact of tephra fallout from 1996 and 1996 Ruapehu volcanic eruptions, New Zealand Environmental Geology, 34 (1998), pp. 21-30. Cronin et al., 2003 S.J. Cronin, V.E. Neall, J.A. Lecointre, M.J. Hedley, P. Loganathan Environmental hazards of fluoride in volcanic ash: a case study from Ruapehu volcano, New Zealand Journal of Volcanology Geothermal Research, 121 (2003), pp. 271-291 Dartevelle et al., 2002 S. Dartevelle, G.G.J. Ernst, J. Stix, A. Bernard Origin of the Mount Pinatubo climactic eruption cloud: Implications for volcanic hazards and atmospheric impacts Geology, 30 (7) (2002), pp. 663-666. Delmelle et al., 2007 P. Delmelle, M. Lambert, Y. Dufrà ªne, P. Gerin, N. Óskarsson Gas/aerosol-ash interaction in volcanic plumes: new insights from surface analysis of fine ash particles Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 259 (2007), pp. 159-170. Durant, A.J., 2007. On Water in Volcanic Clouds. Ph.D. Thesis, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, Michigan, 242 pp. Durant, A.J., Rose, W.I., 2009-this volume. Sedimentological constraints on hydro-meteor-enhanced particle deposition: 1992 eruptions of Crater Peak, Alaska.Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research. Durant, A.J., Rose, W.I., Sarna-Wojcicki, A.M., Carey, S., Volentik, A.C., 2009-this volume.Hydrometeor-enhanced tephra sedimentation from the 18 May 1980 Mount St.Helens (USA) volcanic cloud. Journal of Geophysical Research. Durant, A.J., Shaw, R.A., Rose, W.I., Mi, Y., Ernst, G.G.J., 20 08. Ice nucleation andoverseeding of ice in volcanic clouds. Journal of Geophysical Research 113 Horwell and Baxter, 2006 C.J. Horwell, P.J. Baxter The respiratory health hazards of volcanic ash: a review for volcanic risk mitigation Bulletin of Volcanology, 69 (2006), pp. 1-24 J. Rougier, R.S.J. Sparks, L. Hill Risk and uncertainty assessment for natural hazards Cambridge University Press, Cambridge (2013) (588 pp.) Johnston, D.M., 1997. The physical and social impacts of past and future volcanic eruptions in New Zealand. Unpublished PhD thesis, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand. Johnston, D.M., Houghton, B.F., Neall, V.E., Ronan, K.R., Paton, D., 2000. Impacts of the 1945 and 1995-1996 Ruapehu eruptions, New Zealand: an example of increasing societal vulnerability. Geological Society of America Bulletin 112, 720-726. Johnston, D., Stewart, C., Leonard, G., Hoverd, J., Thordarsson, T., Cronin, S., 2004: Impacts of volcanic ash on water supplies in Auckland: Part 1. Institute of Geological and Nuclear Sciences, Lower Hutt, Science Report 2004/25, 83 pp. Langmann, B., Folch, A., Hensch, M. and Matthias, V., 2012. Volcanic ash over Europe during the eruption of Eyjafjallajà ¶kull on Iceland, April-May 2010. Atmospheric Environment, 48, pp.1-8. Mastin, 2002 L.G. Mastin Insights into volcanic conduit flow from an open-source numerical model Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems, 3 (7) (2002) 10.1029 Mastin, 2007 L.G. Mastin A user-friendly one-dimensional model for wet volcanic plumes Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems, 8 (Q03014) (2007) Mastin and Spiegel, in preparation Mastin, L.G., Spiegel, J., Ewert, J. W., Guffanti, M., in review. Spreadsheet of eruption source parameters for active volcanoes of the world, U.S. Geological Survey open-file report. Morton et al., 1956 B.R. Morton, G.I. Taylor, J.S. Turner Turbulent gravitational convection from maintained and instantaneous sources. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London, Series A, 234 (1956), pp. 1-23. Nasol, 2001 R. Nasol Nanang aftermath, lahar destroys towns

Germany and its Economy Essay -- Economics

Germany and its Economy Known as the "fair" capital, Germany lies in the center of Europe and in the center of the European home market. Approximately two thirds of the top international fairs take place in Germany. Germany is successful. A leader in world trade, Germany is the third largest economy in the world and the biggest market in Europe. It wasn't always this way though; European power struggles wounded the country in two devastating World Wars in the first half of the 20th century and left the country dominated by the victorious Allied powers of the US, UK, France, and the Soviet Union in 1945. Germany has been through all of the phases of the business cycle many times. It even suffered immense depression after World War One in the early 20th century. The Treaty of Versailles dug a deep hole in Germany's economy because the Allies had gotten a little greedy with their revenge. Payments made by Germany to the Allies represented a drain of capital that would have otherwise been directed toward the growth of German industry. In order to pay its debts for World War I, Germany engaged in a huge "hyperinflation" of its currency, printing paper marks until, in 1923, when they became worthless. The destruction of the currency wiped out the people's savings, which meant that there would be very little capital available within the German economy for years to come. With Adolf Hitler rising to power in 1933, the German economy became increasingly socialized and militarized, passing through recovery to prosperity, which scared their foreign investors and made a healthy economic recovery nonexistent. Germany is referred to as a "social" market economy and remains a key member of Europe's economic, polit... ...Germany is doing well other than a few scarcities. Because they are the third leading economy in the world, they rank up there with the U.S.and France. Germany has a few shortages in labor and energy, but overall they succeed in exports and GDP growth. Germany is an economy not much different than our own. Besides both being defined as market economies, Germany and the U.S. also share the same periods of business cycle changes. They both experienced the Great Depression in the 1920's and '30s and are even witnessing a recession now. I would agree that an economy is just like a business. An economy goes through the same downfalls and good times just like a business, an economy experiences depressions, recessions, recoveries and prosperities and the goal of an economy is to have a surplus of money while supplying its citizens with needed goods and services.

Macbeth- Act 1 Journal for Lady Macbeth

Act 1 Journal Jabie H. (Scene 5) Journal of Lady Macbeth: After reading the letter Macbeth sent her. â€Å"Blue Jays play dumb and dumber, with and without Yunel Escobar: Perkins†. Toronto Star Thu Sep 20, 2012. Website.My dear Macbeth is now the thane of Cawdor and has been promised to be ‘the future king’ by the three witches, oh how wonderful this is! ‘Queen Lady Macbeth’ I can already feel the royal power. But wait I do worry if Macbeth really has what it takes to capture the crown, even if he has the ambition he does not have the guts to do things that are foul and get the crown. Macbeth is far too kind and naive to go out his ways, just like he was five years ago when he first confessed his love to me, I told him I needed more time, I knew he would come to good use of mine.I never had the eye for Macbeth but I knew I could get power if I married him, since his father was the thane of Glamis, I knew he would inherit the position when his father p asses away, but I am not good with patience, when there is a chance to get power I want it done as quickly as possible. When I heard the news that the thane of Glamis fell really ill, I agreed to marry Macbeth under one condition that he would poison his father and inherit the position as the thane of Glamis, and of course Macbeth was easy to convince, since he was madly in love with me.When it came to play the game of power, Macbeth plays dumb and dumber, it was time to give his father the poison, I was watching him that night as he was pouring the poisoned water in his father’s cup, that’s when I saw hesitation in his eyes and his eyes started to tear, I knew he couldn't do it and would tell his father the truth, so at that moment I had to decide quickly, and I decided to poison his father with or without him.I entered the room before Macbeth had the chance to speak and assured his father that Macbeth couldn't handle to see him at such ill state, and so I guided Macb eth out of the room and poisoned his father myself. Of course Macbeth wouldn't forgive me so I convinced him that his father would have died anyway, and this just made the process quicker. Making him the thane of Glamis was one thing, but making him the King is now my priority, the power and richness that comes with the title is far too great to miss, I am ready to murder the King if I have to, Macbeth might not agree, but I can do it with and without him.

Police Description In The Media Essay

In maintaining peace and order in the society, the police force specifically the police officers definitely play a profound and significant role that they need to accomplish (â€Å"Police Discretion,† n. d. ). As such, in any given social disturbance or violence, the police officers are the primary people that commonly respond in order to address these issues (â€Å"Police Discretion,† n. d. ). In addition to this, the function and presence of police officers in these given situations are essential wherein these people commonly represent the law and usually serve as a mediator that resolve differences or problems of the situation (â€Å"Police Discretion,† n. d. ). With the above written facts and information, and the reality of the nature of a police officer’s job, it entails various difficulties, it is evident that the duty and the profession of a police officer is indeed important towards the achievement of a healthy human community (â€Å"Police Discretion,† n. d. ). Likewise, such complex and risky job of a police officer is absolutely helpful in protecting the safety of the public against any detrimental acts such as violence, crime and street transgression (â€Å"Police Discretion,† n. d. ). However, what supposed to be a positive and uplifting profession that would be essential and helpful in the community is sometimes affected by the presence of media (â€Å"Police Discretion,† n. d. ). At the present time, the media is responsible in the numerous names or labels, which characterizes police officers according to their role in the society. In a sense, police officers are often identified with several definitions that have been already established in the past. One of the main roles of police officers in the society is the perception of people that they are the protector of the public against situations and individuals that might threaten their well-being. Nevertheless, there are also other roles that police officers are associated with such as: Crime Fighter, Social Servant, Order Maintainer, and Crime Preventer. Crime Fighter The major responsibility of police officers is to assure that the law is properly implemented. They have to make sure that all individuals abide by the rules of the country. By doing so, they have to combat all those individuals who disobey what the law states. A good example of this is when police officers arrested 175 Mexican drug trafficking suspects. The prosecutors stated that this incident is a momentous step in addressing the problem of drugs that is observable on the U. S. -Mexico border. In relation with this, the Justice Department said that the 175 people that were captured are believed to have relations with the violent drug cartels of Mexico (Schmitt, 2008). This article that was written in The Los Angeles Time, explains the efforts of the Justice Department to address the worsening problem of drug trafficking. The police force has an essential part in capturing the 175 suspected member of the drug cartel. However, this importance is not seen in the article. The writer did not give much emphasis or consideration in the pivotal contribution of the police officers in the success of this operation. As such, the role of police officers is not given the appropriate recognition that it deserves. This should not be the case because they are the one who are risking their lives in order to fight crime. Social Servant The function of police officers does not stop in fighting crime but they also see to it that they attend to the other needs of the people. They are also considered as public servants that give attention to other social issues. The mere fact that there job entails a huge amount of responsibility as well as putting their own life at risk is enough proof that they are indeed a servant for others. This is clearly seen in the case of new Detroit Police Chief James Barren. Even though accepting this kind of position is very difficult with all the duties that he needs to accomplish he still took the job. Furthermore, he is willing to exert the extra effort in order to provide a safe environment for those under his responsibility. He showed this when he said, â€Å"It’s no secret that public safety and the safety of our city are among my top priorities†. â€Å"We need to work hard to restore faith and trust and integrity back to the police department and to the great people of this city† (Schmitt, McGraw, and Gorchow, 2008). The media was able to highlight the new task that Barren has to face through this article. Order Maintainer Public order is also the job of police officers. It is part of their task to protect and uphold the society and deal with any incident or individual who poses a threat to it. There are cases wherein some people are often the cause of public disturbance, which can inflict harm on other people as well as on his or her self. A good example of this is when a chief officer pulled a gun off a teen that was running amok and fighting with his fellow classmates right after dismissal. The police chief was relived that he was able to take the gun because the situation could have been worse (Van Sack, 2008). The portrayal of the police officer in this article shows his role as someone who implements social order. He appears as a hero who was able to save the day and prevent people from being hurt. Crime Prevention As they say, â€Å"prevention is better than cure†. In the same manner, Police officers are also doing the necessary steps in order to address the causes of problems before they even materialize. This is exemplified by the police force initiative to unite together in order to combat marijuana. Law enforcement officials of the whole state are doing the necessary action against campaigns that encourage teenagers to use marijuana. In relation to this, they also call for the participation of parents to closely monitor the development of their children so that they could avoid any bad influences that might affect their children (Ellement, 2008). The image of police officers tends to vary based upon how a particular tool of media portrays them. The discussed articles above mostly shows a police officers that is all powerful who could with stand anything. However, it must be remembered that these police officers are also humans that have to be given protection and due consideration. In order to do so, the media should treat them with respect even if other officers are not rightfully doing their duties, not all police officials should be generalized as such because there are still those who are doing their jobs like the officers exemplified in this paper.

Tourism in Antarctica

Tourism in Antarctica Antarctica has become one of the worlds most popular tourist destinations. Since 1969, the average number of visitors to the continent has increased from several hundred to over 34,000 today. All activities in Antarctica are heavily regulated by the Antarctic Treaty for environmental protection purposes and the industry is largely managed by the International Association of Antarctica Tour Operators (IAATO). History of Tourism in Antarctica The first expedition to Antarctica with travelers was in 1966, led by Swedish explorer Lars Eric Lindblad. Lindblad wanted to give tourists a first-hand experience on the ecological sensitivity of the Antarctic environment, in order to educate them and promote a greater understanding of the continents role in the world. The modern expedition cruise industry was born shortly after, in 1969, when Lindblad built the worlds first expedition ship, the MS Lindblad Explorer, which was specifically designed to transport tourists to Antarctica. In 1977, both Australia and New Zealand started to offer scenic flights to Antarctica through Qantas and Air New Zealand. The flights often flew to the continent without landing and returned to the departure airport. The experience was an average 12 to 14 hours with up to 4 hours flying directly over the continent. The flights from Australia and New Zealand stopped in 1980. It was due in large part to the Air New Zealand Flight 901 accident on November 28, 1979, in which a McDonnell Douglas DC-10-30 aircraft carrying 237 passengers and 20 crew members collided into Mount Erebus on Ross Island, Antarctica, killing all onboard. Flights to Antarctica did not resume again until 1994. Despite the potential hazards and risks, tourism to Antarctica continued to grow. According to IAATO, 34,354 travelers visited the continent between 2012 and 2013. Americans contributed to the largest share with 10,677 visitors, or 31.1%, followed by Germans (3,830/11.1%), Australians (3,724/10.7%), and the British (3,492/10.2%). The remainder of the visitors were from China, Canada, Switzerland, France, and elsewhere. IAATO The IAATOs original visitor and tour operator guidelines served as the basis in the development of the Antarctic Treaty Recommendation XVIII-1, which includes guidance for Antarctic visitors and for non-government tour organizers. Some of the mandated guidelines include: Do not disturb wildlife either at sea or on landDo not feed or touch animals or photograph in a way that will disturbDo not damage plants or bring invasive speciesDo not damage, destroy, or remove artifacts from historic sites. This includes rocks, bones, fossils, and content of buildingsDo not interfere with scientific equipment, study sites, or field campsDo not walk onto glaciers or large snowfields unless properly trainedDo not litter There are currently over 58 vessels registered with the IAATO. Seventeen of the vessels are categorized as yachts, which can transport up to 12 passengers, 28 are considered category 1 (up to 200 passengers), 7 are category 2 (up to 500), and 6 are cruise ships, capable of housing anywhere from 500 to 3,000 visitors. Tourism in Antarctica Today Most ships depart from South America, particularly Ushuaia in Argentina, Hobart in Australia, and Christchurch or Auckland, New Zealand. The principal destination is the Antarctic Peninsula region, which includes the Falkland Islands and South Georgia. Certain private expeditions may include visits to inland sites, including Mt .Vinson (Antarcticas highest mountain) and the geographic South Pole. An expedition can last anywhere from a few days to several weeks. Yachts and category 1 ships generally land on the continent with a duration lasting approximately 1 - 3 hours. There can be between 1-3 landings per day using inflatable crafts or helicopters to transfer visitors. Category 2 ships typically sail the waters with or without landing and cruise ships carrying more than 500 passengers are no longer operational as of 2009 due to concerns of oil or fuel spills. Most of the activities while on land include visits to operational scientific stations and wildlife sties, hiking, kayaking, mountaineering, camping, and scuba-diving. Excursions are always accompanied by seasoned staff members, which often includes an ornithologist, marine biologist, geologist, naturalist, historian, general biologist, and/or glaciologist. A trip to Antarctica can range anywhere from as little as $3,000-$4,000 to over $40,000, depending on the scope of transportation, housing, and activity needs. The higher end packages typically involve air transport, on-site camping, and a visit to the South Pole. References British Antarctic Survey (2013, September 25). Antarctic Tourism. Retrieved from: antarctica.ac.uk/about_antarctica/tourism/faq.php International Association of Antarctica Tour Operations (2013, September 25). Tourism Overview. Retrieved from: http://iaato.org/tourism-overview

I'm a manager in a large global manufacturing Assignment

I'm a manager in a large global manufacturing - Assignment Example The main reason for this transformation is the shift in the attitude, behavior, moral and ethical values of organizations. The impact of globalization and the implementation of technology are two major factors that resulted in such changes. In an organization, the organizational culture evolves as a result of values and behavior handed over from one generation of workers to the next. Besides, management policies, the vision of the company etc also influence the organization culture. The attitudes and perceptions of workers also play a major role in the formation of an entity’s organizational culture. An instance of change of organization culture, in this context, can be seen when one considers Steve Job of Apple. â€Å"No one denied that Apples rise was aided immeasurably by his [Steve Jobs] astonishing energy and persuasiveness and charisma and chutzpah† (Deutschman, 2011). The attitude of employees has also changed from what it has been earlier. 10 years back employees merely did their job. However, now they attempt to improve their skills to handle their operations more efficiently. The management in the modern world also supports this as the competition is quite high and organizations compete with one another to recruit the best talent available in the market. Attitude towards team work has also increased. Thus, now employees work together to achieve common organizational goals. In the given example of Apple, there is a significant change in the attitude of management towards employees. They consider employees as a part of company and that is the reason why Steve Job believes in the concept of â€Å"hire for attitude, train for skills.† (Poor Leadership Undermines US Organizations, 2011). As one can observe from the growth of Apple, the model implemented by Steve Job has facilitates healthy collaboration between management and employees, which is the basis of their

Portfolio Literature review Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 1

Portfolio - Literature review Example Culture can also imply the works and practices of academic and more so creative activities. In order to explain the popular culture the last two definitions of the word culture must be utilized, the way of life- holidays such as Easter weekend, Christmas, these are mostly known as the livid cultures. The other definition of culture as suggesting practices- this would lead us to conceive of football, hip pop music, theatres, films and videos, popular culture is a derivative of the term culture and cannot ‘stand on its own’. The definition of culture elicits a complicated meaning because it is all encompassing, together with words such as education which can mean everything but not specific on a single item. However, since it is used in daily human discourse, it is important to conjure up a meaning, it can refer to the context, values, subjectivity, attitudes and skills on which the society or an individual defines his or their identity. Culture is different from popular culture as it is static, the latter is constantly changing, for instance dressing, and current trends depict people wearing tighter clothing. Culture is also based in homogenous grouping while popular culture is a based in large and heterogeneous groups often affiliated through mass media. Culture is the rubric of the society while popular culture is mostly an urban ‘thing’. Popular culture is also very spontaneous and according to Jones (2013), it is easy to learn unlike culture, which entails many actions to be followed. Mass media fuelled popular culture, and this has led to a powerful and overt influence of the media primarily a high consumption level and more sophistication. Gender and other forms of discrimination including disability have found solace in the media in expressing the perceived difference (Hui 2011, p.269). Culture as a way of life often targets minorities and people are adjudged harshly

Peer to Peer Networking In Business Research Paper

Peer to Peer Networking In Business - Research Paper Example The technology is beneficial in business development and application following economic returns, and its downsides are not any better. Business ethics and legal action indicates implications that are equivalent to theft due to infringement of copyright laws and theft of intellectual property. The above brings about the demerits of running p2p technologies in the world of business for both offices and file-sharing. Peer to peer file sharing is also known as P2P file sharing, and has an important role in its application to the conventional world. This is following office application and business ethics in terms of infringing on people’s rights, as well as benefits for business ideas. Application of p2p technology in business based on the above terms is explored based on how it runs and with its consequences in business and ethics. Working P2P file sharing works in different ways based on the employment of the protocol, such as file querying from server based services to respond on the presence or existence of a file. With this use, the response prompts the owner of the given file to provide the file to the peer who needs it. In fast track protocol, files are based on nodes on a two-tier basis: super nodes and ordinary nodes. Individual computers form nodes, while super nodes are the act as directories for the centralized servers as used above. With p2p software, ordinary nodes connect to super nodes, which query the directory and respond with a list of matches for the user to create a direct peer-to-peer connection (Koskela et al, 2013). This is aimed at fetching the desired file directly from the selected peer. The bitTorrent program is the last protocol of p2p file sharing and is based on a simple concept of sharing. In this program, files are not shared, but rather bits of files are broken down to bits and distributed by different peers at equal sizes to different peers. A single copy of the file piece is distributed to different peers and then the peer s with the different pieces provide them to one another. The peer with the original, complete file is known as a seed. Business Applications Peer-to-peer file sharing is highly beneficial to all users and other potential users based on the intent of use. In this regard, installation of bit Torrent clients is simple, as so is the configuration of all computers on the sharing network. With this in mind, time is saved for purposes that are more constructive rather than spending extended periods working on it. In addition, all resources required for file transfer are shared amongst peers making the file transfer process efficient. This is due to the elimination of servers that store content and are more susceptible to failure, which inconveniences users (Light, 2001). For this reason, p2p allows users to continue functionally without influencing other users thus; is more reliable as compared to server based sharing. In addition, it is relatively cheap as compared to other networks due t o the few resources required and elimination of additional hardware. Maintenance and administration is barely required, making it an easily efficient system as each user manages his or her computer/ node thus controlling resource use at no additional cost of inconvenience. Commercially, p2p can be used for distribution of premium content to consumers, such as games, movies, music and software among others (Light, 2001). This facilitates easy trade in digital content, especially legally licensed content. It can also be used for more services such as video on demand and leasing of copyrighted content by artists and private or independent content producers. In regard to business, p2p